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Text File | 1998-10-28 | 47.6 KB | 1,783 lines

PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS use POSIX; use POSIX qw(setsid); use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h); printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR; $sess_id = POSIX::setsid(); $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644); # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish interfaces. Things which are #defines in C, like EINTR or O_NDELAY, are automatically exported into your namespace. All functions are only exported if you ask for them explicitly. Most likely people will prefer to use the fully-qualified function names. This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on most features. Consult the _p_e_r_l_f_u_n_c manpage for functions which are noted as being identical to Perl's builtin functions. The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification. The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects, and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993. NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEE The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games, and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great source of wisdom. CCCCAAAAVVVVEEEEAAAATTTTSSSS A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one exist. For example, trying to access the _s_e_t_j_m_p() call will elicit the message "_s_e_t_j_m_p() is C-specific: use eval {} instead". Page 1 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites). For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the errno values set by _o_p_e_n(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after all. This could be construed to be a bug. FFFFUUUUNNNNCCCCTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS _exit This is identical to the C function _exit(). abort This is identical to the C function abort(). abs This is identical to Perl's builtin abs() function. access Determines the accessibility of a file. if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){ print "have read permission\n"; } Returns undef on failure. acos This is identical to the C function acos(). alarm This is identical to Perl's builtin alarm() function. asctime This is identical to the C function asctime(). asin This is identical to the C function asin(). assert Unimplemented. atan This is identical to the C function atan(). atan2 This is identical to Perl's builtin atan2() function. atexit _a_t_e_x_i_t() is C-specific: use END {} instead. atof _a_t_o_f() is C-specific. atoi _a_t_o_i() is C-specific. atol _a_t_o_l() is C-specific. bsearch _b_s_e_a_r_c_h() not supplied. Page 2 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) calloc _c_a_l_l_o_c() is C-specific. ceil This is identical to the C function ceil(). chdir This is identical to Perl's builtin chdir() function. chmod This is identical to Perl's builtin chmod() function. chown This is identical to Perl's builtin chown() function. clearerr Use method IO::Handle::clearerr() instead. clock This is identical to the C function clock(). close Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); POSIX::close( $fd ); Returns undef on failure. closedir This is identical to Perl's builtin closedir() function. cos This is identical to Perl's builtin cos() function. cosh This is identical to the C function cosh(). creat Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by POSIX::open. Use POSIX::close to close the file. $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 ); POSIX::close( $fd ); ctermid Generates the path name for the controlling terminal. $path = POSIX::ctermid(); ctime This is identical to the C function ctime(). cuserid Get the character login name of the user. Page 3 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) $name = POSIX::cuserid(); difftime This is identical to the C function difftime(). div _d_i_v() is C-specific. dup This is similar to the C function dup(). This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. Returns undef on failure. dup2 This is similar to the C function dup2(). This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. Returns undef on failure. errno Returns the value of errno. $errno = POSIX::errno(); execl _e_x_e_c_l() is C-specific. execle _e_x_e_c_l_e() is C-specific. execlp _e_x_e_c_l_p() is C-specific. execv _e_x_e_c_v() is C-specific. execve _e_x_e_c_v_e() is C-specific. execvp _e_x_e_c_v_p() is C-specific. exit This is identical to Perl's builtin exit() function. exp This is identical to Perl's builtin exp() function. fabs This is identical to Perl's builtin abs() function. fclose Use method IO::Handle::close() instead. fcntl This is identical to Perl's builtin fcntl() function. fdopen Use method IO::Handle::new_from_fd() instead. Page 4 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) feof Use method IO::Handle::eof() instead. ferror Use method IO::Handle::error() instead. fflush Use method IO::Handle::flush() instead. fgetc Use method IO::Handle::getc() instead. fgetpos Use method IO::Seekable::getpos() instead. fgets Use method IO::Handle::gets() instead. fileno Use method IO::Handle::fileno() instead. floor This is identical to the C function floor(). fmod This is identical to the C function fmod(). fopen Use method IO::File::open() instead. fork This is identical to Perl's builtin fork() function. fpathconf Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds /tmp/foo. $fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX ); Returns undef on failure. fprintf _f_p_r_i_n_t_f() is C-specific--use printf instead. fputc _f_p_u_t_c() is C-specific--use print instead. fputs _f_p_u_t_s() is C-specific--use print instead. fread _f_r_e_a_d() is C-specific--use read instead. free _f_r_e_e() is C-specific. freopen _f_r_e_o_p_e_n() is C-specific--use open instead. frexp Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number. ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 3.14 ); Page 5 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) fscanf _f_s_c_a_n_f() is C-specific--use <> and regular expressions instead. fseek Use method IO::Seekable::seek() instead. fsetpos Use method IO::Seekable::setpos() instead. fstat Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. The data returned is identical to the data from Perl's builtin stat function. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd ); ftell Use method IO::Seekable::tell() instead. fwrite _f_w_r_i_t_e() is C-specific--use print instead. getc This is identical to Perl's builtin getc() function. getchar Returns one character from STDIN. getcwd Returns the name of the current working directory. getegid Returns the effective group id. getenv Returns the value of the specified enironment variable. geteuid Returns the effective user id. getgid Returns the user's real group id. getgrgid This is identical to Perl's builtin getgrgid() function. getgrnam This is identical to Perl's builtin getgrnam() function. getgroups Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. getlogin This is identical to Perl's builtin getlogin() function. getpgrp This is identical to Perl's builtin getpgrp() function. Page 6 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) getpid Returns the process's id. getppid This is identical to Perl's builtin getppid() function. getpwnam This is identical to Perl's builtin getpwnam() function. getpwuid This is identical to Perl's builtin getpwuid() function. gets Returns one line from STDIN. getuid Returns the user's id. gmtime This is identical to Perl's builtin gmtime() function. isalnum This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isalpha This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isatty Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected to a tty. iscntrl This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isdigit This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isgraph This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. islower This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isprint This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. Page 7 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) ispunct This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isspace This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isupper This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. isxdigit This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single character or to a whole string. kill This is identical to Perl's builtin kill() function. labs _l_a_b_s() is C-specific, use abs instead. ldexp This is identical to the C function ldexp(). ldiv _l_d_i_v() is C-specific, use / and int instead. link This is identical to Perl's builtin link() function. localeconv Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash containing the current locale formatting values. The database for the ddddeeee (Deutsch or German) locale. Page 8 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" ); print "Locale = $loc\n"; $lconv = POSIX::localeconv(); print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n"; print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n"; print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n"; print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n"; print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n"; print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n"; print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n"; print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n"; print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n"; print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n"; print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n"; print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n"; print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n"; print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n"; print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n"; print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n"; print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n"; print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n"; localtime This is identical to Perl's builtin localtime() function. log This is identical to Perl's builtin log() function. log10 This is identical to the C function log10(). longjmp _l_o_n_g_j_m_p() is C-specific: use die instead. lseek Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET ); Returns undef on failure. malloc _m_a_l_l_o_c() is C-specific. mblen This is identical to the C function mblen(). mbstowcs This is identical to the C function mbstowcs(). mbtowc This is identical to the C function mbtowc(). Page 9 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) memchr _m_e_m_c_h_r() is C-specific, use _i_n_d_e_x() instead. memcmp _m_e_m_c_m_p() is C-specific, use eq instead. memcpy _m_e_m_c_p_y() is C-specific, use = instead. memmove _m_e_m_m_o_v_e() is C-specific, use = instead. memset _m_e_m_s_e_t() is C-specific, use x instead. mkdir This is identical to Perl's builtin mkdir() function. mkfifo This is similar to the C function mkfifo(). Returns undef on failure. mktime Convert date/time info to a calendar time. Synopsis: mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0) The month (mon), weekday (wday), and yearday (yday) begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year (year) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's mktime() manpage for details about these and the other arguments. Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am. $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 ); print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t); Returns undef on failure. modf Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number. ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 ); nice This is similar to the C function nice(). Returns undef on failure. offsetof _o_f_f_s_e_t_o_f() is C-specific. Page 10 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) open Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not Perl filehandles. Use POSIX::close to close the file. Open a file read-only with mode 0666. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" ); Open a file for read and write. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR ); Open a file for write, with truncation. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC ); Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 ); Returns undef on failure. opendir Open a directory for reading. $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" ); @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir ); POSIX::closedir( $dir ); Returns undef on failure. pathconf Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable pathname on the filesystem which holds /tmp. $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX ); Returns undef on failure. pause This is similar to the C function pause(). Returns undef on failure. perror This is identical to the C function perror(). pipe Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those returned by POSIX::open. Page 11 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) ($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe(); POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 ); POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 ); pow Computes $x raised to the power $exponent. $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent ); printf Prints the specified arguments to STDOUT. putc _p_u_t_c() is C-specific--use print instead. putchar _p_u_t_c_h_a_r() is C-specific--use print instead. puts _p_u_t_s() is C-specific--use print instead. qsort _q_s_o_r_t() is C-specific, use sort instead. raise Sends the specified signal to the current process. rand _r_a_n_d() is non-portable, use Perl's rand instead. read Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. If the buffer $buf is not large enough for the read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 ); Returns undef on failure. readdir This is identical to Perl's builtin readdir() function. realloc _r_e_a_l_l_o_c() is C-specific. remove This is identical to Perl's builtin unlink() function. rename This is identical to Perl's builtin rename() function. rewind Seeks to the beginning of the file. rewinddir This is identical to Perl's builtin rewinddir() function. Page 12 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) rmdir This is identical to Perl's builtin rmdir() function. scanf _s_c_a_n_f() is C-specific--use <> and regular expressions instead. setgid Sets the real group id for this process. setjmp _s_e_t_j_m_p() is C-specific: use eval {} instead. setlocale Modifies and queries program's locale. The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior (the second argument "C"). $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "C" ); The following will query (the missing second argument) the current LC_CTYPE category. $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_CTYPE); The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale environment variables (the second argument ""). Please see your systems the _s_e_t_l_o_c_a_l_e(_3) manpage documentation for the locale environment variables' meaning or consult the _p_e_r_l_l_o_c_a_l_e manpage. $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_CTYPE, ""); The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian Spanish. NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEE: The naming and availability of locales depends on your operating system. Please consult the _p_e_r_l_l_o_c_a_l_e manpage for how to find out which locales are available in your system. $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" ); setpgid This is similar to the C function setpgid(). Returns undef on failure. setsid This is identical to the C function setsid(). setuid Sets the real user id for this process. sigaction Detailed signal management. This uses Page 13 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) POSIX::SigAction objects for the action and oldaction arguments. Consult your system's sigaction manpage for details. Synopsis: sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0) Returns undef on failure. siglongjmp _s_i_g_l_o_n_g_j_m_p() is C-specific: use die instead. sigpending Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses POSIX::SigSet objects for the sigset argument. Consult your system's sigpending manpage for details. Synopsis: sigpending(sigset) Returns undef on failure. sigprocmask Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses POSIX::SigSet objects for the sigset and oldsigset arguments. Consult your system's sigprocmask manpage for details. Synopsis: sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0) Returns undef on failure. sigsetjmp _s_i_g_s_e_t_j_m_p() is C-specific: use eval {} instead. sigsuspend Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses POSIX::SigSet objects for the signal_mask argument. Consult your system's sigsuspend manpage for details. Synopsis: sigsuspend(signal_mask) Returns undef on failure. Page 14 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) sin This is identical to Perl's builtin sin() function. sinh This is identical to the C function sinh(). sleep This is identical to Perl's builtin sleep() function. sprintf This is identical to Perl's builtin sprintf() function. sqrt This is identical to Perl's builtin sqrt() function. srand _s_r_a_n_d(). sscanf _s_s_c_a_n_f() is C-specific--use regular expressions instead. stat This is identical to Perl's builtin stat() function. strcat _s_t_r_c_a_t() is C-specific, use .= instead. strchr _s_t_r_c_h_r() is C-specific, use _i_n_d_e_x() instead. strcmp _s_t_r_c_m_p() is C-specific, use eq instead. strcoll This is identical to the C function strcoll(). strcpy _s_t_r_c_p_y() is C-specific, use = instead. strcspn _s_t_r_c_s_p_n() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead. strerror Returns the error string for the specified errno. strftime Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string. Synopsis: strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0) The month (mon), weekday (wday), and yearday (yday) begin at zero. I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The year (year) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's strftime() manpage for details about these and the other arguments. The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995. Page 15 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 ); print "$str\n"; strlen _s_t_r_l_e_n() is C-specific, use length instead. strncat _s_t_r_n_c_a_t() is C-specific, use .= instead. strncmp _s_t_r_n_c_m_p() is C-specific, use eq instead. strncpy _s_t_r_n_c_p_y() is C-specific, use = instead. stroul _s_t_r_o_u_l() is C-specific. strpbrk _s_t_r_p_b_r_k() is C-specific. strrchr _s_t_r_r_c_h_r() is C-specific, use _r_i_n_d_e_x() instead. strspn _s_t_r_s_p_n() is C-specific. strstr This is identical to Perl's builtin index() function. strtod String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!. strtod should respect any POSIX _s_e_t_l_o_c_a_l_e() settings. To parse a string $str as a floating point number use $! = 0; ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str); The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input: if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) { die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n"; } When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number. strtok _s_t_r_t_o_k() is C-specific. Page 16 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) strtol String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!. strtol should respect any POSIX _s_e_t_l_o_c_a_l_e() settings. To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use $! = 0; ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base); The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234" as a hexadecimal number. The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input: if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) { die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n"; } When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number. strtoul String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul is identical to strtol except that strtoul only parses unsigned integers. See _s_t_r_t_o_l for details. Note: Some vendors supply strtod and strtol but not strtoul. Other vendors that do suply strtoul parse "-1" as a valid value. strxfrm String transformation. Returns the transformed string. $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src ); Page 17 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) sysconf Retrieves values of system configurable variables. The following will get the machine's clock speed. $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK ); Returns undef on failure. system This is identical to Perl's builtin system() function. tan This is identical to the C function tan(). tanh This is identical to the C function tanh(). tcdrain This is similar to the C function tcdrain(). Returns undef on failure. tcflow This is similar to the C function tcflow(). Returns undef on failure. tcflush This is similar to the C function tcflush(). Returns undef on failure. tcgetpgrp This is identical to the C function tcgetpgrp(). tcsendbreak This is similar to the C function tcsendbreak(). Returns undef on failure. tcsetpgrp This is similar to the C function tcsetpgrp(). Returns undef on failure. time This is identical to Perl's builtin time() function. times The _t_i_m_e_s() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock ticks. ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times(); Note: Perl's builtin times() function returns four values, measured in seconds. Page 18 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) tmpfile Use method IO::File::new_tmpfile() instead. tmpnam Returns a name for a temporary file. $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam(); tolower This is identical to Perl's builtin lc() function. toupper This is identical to Perl's builtin uc() function. ttyname This is identical to the C function ttyname(). tzname Retrieves the time conversion information from the tzname variable. POSIX::tzset(); ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname(); tzset This is identical to the C function tzset(). umask This is identical to Perl's builtin umask() function. uname Get name of current operating system. ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine ) = POSIX::uname(); ungetc Use method IO::Handle::ungetc() instead. unlink This is identical to Perl's builtin unlink() function. utime This is identical to Perl's builtin utime() function. vfprintf _v_f_p_r_i_n_t_f() is C-specific. vprintf _v_p_r_i_n_t_f() is C-specific. vsprintf _v_s_p_r_i_n_t_f() is C-specific. wait This is identical to Perl's builtin wait() function. waitpid Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's builtin waitpid() function. Page 19 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, &POSIX::WNOHANG ); print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n"; wcstombs This is identical to the C function wcstombs(). wctomb This is identical to the C function wctomb(). write Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling POSIX::open. $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY ); $buf = "hello"; $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 ); Returns undef on failure. CCCCLLLLAAAASSSSSSSSEEEESSSS PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX::::::::SSSSiiiiggggAAAAccccttttiiiioooonnnn new Creates a new POSIX::SigAction object which corresponds to the C struct sigaction. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-qualified name of a sub which is a signal-handler. The second parameter is a POSIX::SigSet object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the sa_flags, it defaults to 0. $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT); $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( 'main::handler', $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP ); This POSIX::SigAction object should be used with the POSIX::sigaction() function. PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX::::::::SSSSiiiiggggSSSSeeeetttt new Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the set. Create an empty set. $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new; Create a set with SIGUSR1. $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ); Page 20 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) addset Add a signal to a SigSet object. $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 ); Returns undef on failure. delset Remove a signal from the SigSet object. $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 ); Returns undef on failure. emptyset Initialize the SigSet object to be empty. $sigset->emptyset(); Returns undef on failure. fillset Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals. $sigset->fillset(); Returns undef on failure. ismember Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal. if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){ print "contains SIGUSR1\n"; } PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX::::::::TTTTeeeerrrrmmmmiiiioooossss new Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios C struct. _n_e_w() mallocs a new one, _g_e_t_a_t_t_r() fills it from a file descriptor, and _s_e_t_a_t_t_r() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents. $termios = POSIX::Termios->new; getattr Get terminal control attributes. Obtain the attributes for stdin. $termios->getattr() Page 21 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) Obtain the attributes for stdout. $termios->getattr( 1 ) Returns undef on failure. getcc Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified. $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1); getcflag Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object. $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag; getiflag Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object. $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag; getispeed Retrieve the input baud rate. $ispeed = $termios->getispeed; getlflag Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object. $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag; getoflag Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object. $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag; getospeed Retrieve the output baud rate. $ospeed = $termios->getospeed; setattr Set terminal control attributes. Set attributes immediately for stdout. Page 22 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW ); Returns undef on failure. setcc Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an array so an index must be specified. $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 ); setcflag Set the c_cflag field of a termios object. $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL ); setiflag Set the c_iflag field of a termios object. $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT ); setispeed Set the input baud rate. $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 ); Returns undef on failure. setlflag Set the c_lflag field of a termios object. $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO ); setoflag Set the c_oflag field of a termios object. $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST ); setospeed Set the output baud rate. $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 ); Returns undef on failure. Baud rate values B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110 Page 23 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) Terminal interface values TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF c_cc field values VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS c_cflag field values CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD c_iflag field values BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK c_lflag field values ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP c_oflag field values OPOST PPPPAAAATTTTHHHHNNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE CCCCOOOONNNNSSSSTTTTAAAANNNNTTTTSSSS Constants _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX CCCCOOOONNNNSSSSTTTTAAAANNNNTTTTSSSS Constants _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION SSSSYYYYSSSSTTTTEEEEMMMM CCCCOOOONNNNFFFFIIIIGGGGUUUURRRRAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN Constants _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION EEEERRRRRRRRNNNNOOOO Constants E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH Page 24 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) EINPROGRESS EINTR EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV FFFFCCCCNNNNTTTTLLLL Constants FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY FFFFLLLLOOOOAAAATTTT Constants DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN _10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP LLLLIIIIMMMMIIIITTTTSSSS Constants ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX LLLLOOOOCCCCAAAALLLLEEEE Constants LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME MMMMAAAATTTTHHHH Constants HUGE_VAL SSSSIIIIGGGGNNNNAAAALLLL Constants SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP Page 25 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) SIGTTIN SIGTTOU SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK SIG_UNBLOCK SSSSTTTTAAAATTTT Constants S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR Macros S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG SSSSTTTTDDDDLLLLIIIIBBBB Constants EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX SSSSTTTTDDDDIIIIOOOO Constants BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEE Constants CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC UUUUNNNNIIIISSSSTTTTDDDD Constants R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STRERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK WWWWAAAAIIIITTTT Constants WNOHANG WUNTRACED Macros WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG CCCCRRRREEEEAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN This document generated by ./mkposixman.PL version 19960129. Page 26 (printed 10/23/98) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) 22223333////JJJJuuuullll////99998888 ((((ppppeeeerrrrllll 5555....000000005555,,,, ppppaaaattttcccchhhh 00002222)))) PPPPOOOOSSSSIIIIXXXX((((3333)))) Page 27 (printed 10/23/98)